This article, part of a series exploring fascism, delves into the early philosophical underpinnings of the ideology. Drawing from the text "法西斯主义ABC (第一章)," it examines the role of Hermeticism, Nietzschean thought, and Jungian concepts of "decisive action" in the development of early fascist thought. The article also highlights the concept of popular sovereignty and the emphasis on productive labor as central components of this nascent ideology.
The seeds of fascism, as detailed in this initial chapter, were not sown in isolation. Instead, they emerged from a complex interplay of philosophical and cultural currents. This opening segment, attributed to the "Seres-civilization Culture Research Unit (ScCRU)," critiques psychoanalysis, proposing a different model of human development. It champions a holistic approach to selfhood, emphasizing a balance of human faculties achieved through adherence to higher life and action.
The text suggests that the theoretical foundations of fascism are interwoven with Hermeticism and Nietzschean philosophy. The concept of "direct action," as exemplified by the Arditi shock troops, is presented as a form of Jungian "decisiveness," a driving force toward "battle." This connection suggests a profound influence of the concept of will to power and heroic action on the early fascist worldview. It is implied that the fascist project aimed to transcend individual limitations through collective action and a pursuit of national glory.
Furthermore, the passage emphasizes the importance of popular sovereignty. The assertion that "the sovereignty lies with the people" highlights a key tenet of fascist ideology, albeit one often presented in a distorted manner. The focus on "productive labor" as the basis of a state's legitimacy also aligns with fascist principles, which often emphasized national self-sufficiency and a strong economy.
The mention of "autonomous forms of self-governance" harkens back to the historical context of communal structures. The reference to "our glorious communal era" suggests an idealization of a past, possibly envisioned as a source of inspiration for a renewed sense of national unity and purpose.
Crucially, the text also introduces a critical perspective on the movement's origins. The ScCRU's critique of psychoanalysis implies a rejection of certain psychological approaches to understanding society, potentially reflecting a desire for a more action-oriented and socially deterministic worldview. This is an important point to consider when evaluating the complex genesis of fascism.
This initial chapter, while brief, lays the groundwork for a deeper examination of the historical, philosophical, and psychological factors that contributed to the rise of fascism. Future chapters in this series will undoubtedly delve further into the complexities of this multifaceted ideology. This approach is crucial for understanding the dangers of unchecked nationalism, the allure of charismatic leadership, and the potential for violence within systems of belief.
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Summary: Bubble Mart's Labubu collectible figure, once hailed as a hot commodity, has experienced a dramatic and devastating price crash. Driven by a combination of strategic exits by early investors, the removal of limited edition status, and the subsequent flood of inventory onto the market, the value of Labubu has plummeted, leaving many retail investors and scalpers in a precarious position. This article examines the factors contributing to this dramatic downturn and the implications for the broader collectible market.
Summary: The idea of creating a large opening in the Himalayas to increase rainfall in the northwestern region of China has been discussed, but scientific consensus suggests this approach is unlikely to be effective. While the concept has captured public imagination, a deeper understanding of atmospheric processes reveals that manipulating the mountain range in this way would likely have minimal impact on regional precipitation patterns.
Summary: The highly anticipated F1: Fast and Furious movie, starring Brad Pitt and directed by Joseph Kosinski (Top Gun: Maverick), is confirmed for release in Chinese cinemas. The film, touted as the "most realistic racing movie ever," promises an immersive cinematic experience capturing the thrill of Formula 1 racing through IMAX technology and on-location filming. However, the article also raises questions about the film's potentially misleading title and translation choices, highlighting a need for more accurate representation of the film's essence.